What is the emergency treatment for cardiac tamponade causing arrest?

• A. Immediate pericardiocentesis to relieve tamponade and support circulation.
• B. Administer diuretics
• C. Perform chest tube insertion
• D. Administer vasopressin

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is that tamponade is a mechanical problem: fluid in the pericardial sac compresses the heart and prevents it from filling properly, which in the setting of arrest means the heart can’t pump effectively. The fastest, most definitive way to reverse this is to drain the fluid from the pericardial space. Immediate pericardiocentesis relieves the pressure, allows the ventricles to fill again, and restores circulation, which is why it’s the best emergency treatment in this scenario.

Other options don’t address the core issue. Diuretics would reduce preload but don’t relieve the pericardial pressure and would worsen the hemodynamics. A chest tube drains the pleural space, not the pericardial space, so tamponade remains. Vasopressin can raise blood pressure temporarily but does not correct the mechanical compression of the heart.